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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>

<h1>内置对象、运算符、表达式、关键字Built-In Objects, Operators, Expressions and Keywords</h1>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="2" data-class="lead" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="FloralWhite" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="2" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:lead;--paginate:true;--background-color:FloralWhite;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;background-color:FloralWhite;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>

<h2>对象Objects</h2>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="3" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="3" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>一切皆对象Everything is Object</h3>
<ol>
<li>对象是<code>Python</code>中的基本概念，在<code>Python</code>中 <strong>一切皆对象</strong>
<ol>
<li>一切皆对象 == machine ==&gt; all is <code>pointer</code> and in <code>heap memory</code></li>
<li>一切皆对象 == programmer ==&gt; <code>data</code> + <code>behaviors</code></li>
<li>一切皆对象 == get info ==&gt; <code>type()</code>, <code>id()</code>/<code>address</code>, <code>value</code></li>
<li><code>type</code> = instance =&gt; <code>class</code> = instance =&gt; <code>object</code></li>
<li><code>variable</code>, <code>function</code>, <code>class</code>都是<code>object</code></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://colinoftroy.wordpress.com/2012/12/03/differences-between-python-types-and-objects/">Differences Between Python Types and Objects</a></p>
</blockquote>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>内置、标准库、扩展库Built-In, Standard Library and Extension Package</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>built-in</code>可直接使用，非<code>built-in</code>需<code>import</code>（与<code>Shell built-in command</code>类似）</li>
<li><code>built-in</code> <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mo>⊂</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\subset</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mrel">⊂</span></span></span></span> <code>standard library</code></li>
<li><code>extension package</code>需要额外安装</li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>

<h2>内置Built-In</h2>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="6" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="6" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-built_in">dir</span>(__builtins__) <span class="hljs-comment">#列出所有内置对象</span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="7" data-class="lead" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="FloralWhite" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="7" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:lead;--paginate:true;--background-color:FloralWhite;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;background-color:FloralWhite;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>

<h2>关键字、标识符与变量Key Words, Identifier and Variable</h2>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="8" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="8" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> keyword

keyword.kwlist <span class="hljs-comment">#输出当前版本的所有关键字</span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="9" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="9" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>Python标识符命名规则Rules of Python Identifier Naming</h3>
<ol>
<li>强烈规则
<ol>
<li>由字符、下划线和数字组成，不能以数字开头，不能有空格和标点符号</li>
<li>不能使用关键字</li>
<li>大小写敏感</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>建议规则
<ol>
<li>不建议与内置或已导入名称相同</li>
<li>语法上允许使用非<code>ASCII</code>字符，但不建议</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>常量与变量Constant and Variable</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>variable变量</code>: 值可变的内存单元</li>
<li><code>constant常量</code>: 一种特殊的<code>variable</code>，值不能改变的变量</li>
<li><code>literal字面量</code>: 直接写在源代码的值</li>
</ol>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="❗️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2757.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> 在<code>Python</code>中，<code>variable</code>实际上是<code>Python解释器</code>里的<code>name</code>，<code>name</code>本身没有类型，<code>name</code>指向的<code>object</code>有类型</p>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="👉" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/1f449.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> 为与主流描述一致，以下仍使用<code>variable</code>指代<code>name</code></p>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="11" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="11" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>Python变量的特点Traits of Python Variable</h3>
<ol>
<li>变量不需要声明，变量必须被定义（赋值即定义）后才能使用</li>
<li>变量指向对象（即，存储对象的内存地址），运行过程中，变量可指向不同类型的对象（即： <em><strong>动态（类型）语言</strong></em>）</li>
<li>允许多个变量在一个表达式中赋值</li>
</ol>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="12" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap>a = b = c = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>

a, b, c = <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;a&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;b&#x27;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;long long string&quot;</span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="13" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="13" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="❓" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2753.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <code>声明declare</code> vs <code>定义define</code></p>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="❓" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2753.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <code>指针pointer</code> in <code>C/C++</code></p>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="❓" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2753.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <code>左值lvalue</code> vs <code>右值rvalue</code></p>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="❓" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2753.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <code>强类型strong typing</code> vs <code>弱类型weak typing</code> <em><strong>and</strong></em> <code>静态类型static typing</code> vs <code>动态类型dynamic typing</code></p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1332131">https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1332131</a></p>
</blockquote>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>

<h2>类型Types</h2>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>基本内置类型Basic Built-In Types</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>Numeric数值</code>: <code>int</code>, <code>float</code>, <code>complex</code></li>
<li><code>Collection集合</code>/<code>Container容器</code>
<ol>
<li><code>String字符串</code>/<code>Character Array字符数组</code>: <code>str</code>(immutable)</li>
<li><code>Byte Array字节数组</code>: <code>bytes</code>(immutable)/<code>bytearray</code>(mutable)</li>
<li><code>Object Array对象数组</code>: <code>list</code>(immutable)/<code>tuple</code>(mutable)</li>
<li><code>Object Set对象集合</code>: <code>set</code></li>
<li><code>Object Map对象映射</code>: <code>dict</code></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>基本内置类型（续）Basic Built-In Types (contd.)</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>Boolean布尔</code>: <code>bool</code></li>
<li><code>NULL空</code>: <code>NoneType</code></li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>基本内置类型（再续）Basic Built-In Types (contd. again)</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>Exception</code></li>
<li><code>File</code></li>
<li><code>...</code></li>
</ol>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="18" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="18" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>数值/数字Numeric/Number</h3>
<ol>
<li>数值大小无限制</li>
<li><code>int</code>: 动态内存分配、占用空间不定
<ol>
<li><code>0b</code>开头的字面量代表二进制</li>
<li><code>0o</code>开头的字面量代表八进制</li>
<li><code>0x</code>开头的字面量代表十六进制</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><code>float</code>： 占用空间固定、存在精度误差</li>
<li><code>complex</code></li>
</ol>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> 算术运算时会进行<code>implicit type casting</code>隐式类型转换</p>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sys

print(sys.getsizeof(<span class="hljs-number">100</span>))
print(sys.getsizeof(<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>()))
print(sys.getsizeof(<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>))
print(sys.getsizeof(<span class="hljs-number">12345678901234567890</span>))
print(sys.getsizeof(<span class="hljs-number">123456789012345678901234567890</span>))

print(sys.getsizeof(<span class="hljs-number">100.0</span>))
print(sys.getsizeof(<span class="hljs-built_in">float</span>()))
print(sys.getsizeof(<span class="hljs-built_in">float</span>))
print(sys.getsizeof(<span class="hljs-number">12345678901234567890.0</span>))
print(sys.getsizeof(<span class="hljs-number">12345678901234567890.12345678901234567890</span>))
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="20" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="20" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap>print(<span class="hljs-number">99999999</span> ** <span class="hljs-number">9</span>)

print(<span class="hljs-number">0.4</span> <span class="hljs-number">-0.1</span>)

print(<span class="hljs-number">0.4</span> - <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0.3</span>)

print(<span class="hljs-built_in">abs</span>(<span class="hljs-number">0.4</span> <span class="hljs-number">-0.1</span> &lt; <span class="hljs-number">0.3</span>) &lt; <span class="hljs-number">1e-6</span>&gt;)

x = <span class="hljs-number">3</span> + <span class="hljs-number">4j</span>
y = <span class="hljs-number">5</span> + <span class="hljs-number">6j</span>
print(x + y)

print(<span class="hljs-number">123</span>_456_789)
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>String and Bytes</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>String</code>： <code>Unicode</code>编码存储、<code>Unicode</code>解码显示，单引号和双引号的效果一致（为什么要这样设计<img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="❓" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2753.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/>）
<ol>
<li>单行字符串： 单引号<code>''</code>， 双引号<code>&quot;&quot;</code></li>
<li>多行字符串： 三单引号<code>'''</code>， 三双引号<code>&quot;&quot;&quot;</code></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><code>Bytes</code>： 字节直接存储、<code>ASCII</code>解码显示，文本字面量前加<code>b</code></li>
</ol>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <code>Python</code>没有<code>char</code>(<code>Character</code>)</p>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="❓" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/2753.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <code>Character</code> vs <code>String</code></p>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>String</h3>
<ol>
<li>转义字符： <code>\n</code>, <code>\t</code>, <code>\&quot;</code>, <code>\'</code>等有特殊含义的字符</li>
<li>原始字符串（<code>raw</code>）： 字符串前加<code>r</code>表示不进行转义</li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap>demo_str_01 = <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;Hello World.&#x27;</span>
demo_str_02 = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Python is a great language.&quot;</span>
demo_str_03 = <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;This is a
&quot;long long&quot;
&#x27;multi-line&#x27;
string&#x27;&#x27;&#x27;</span>
demo_str_04 = <span class="hljs-string">r&quot;this is a raw \n string&quot;</span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>Boolean</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>bool</code>继承自<code>int</code></li>
<li>只有<code>True</code>和<code>False</code>两个值</li>
<li><code>assert (True == 1 and False == 0)</code></li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>Collections</h3>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>--</th>
<th style="text-align:center"><code>list</code></th>
<th style="text-align:center"><code>tuple</code></th>
<th style="text-align:center"><code>dict</code></th>
<th style="text-align:center"><code>set</code></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>定界符</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>[]</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>()</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>{}</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>{}</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>分隔符</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>,</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>,</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>,</code></td>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>,</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>值可变</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Y</td>
<td style="text-align:center">N</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Y</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>自动排序</td>
<td style="text-align:center">N</td>
<td style="text-align:center">N</td>
<td style="text-align:center">N</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>下标访问</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Y</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Y</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Y(<code>K</code>)</td>
<td style="text-align:center">N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>值的要求</td>
<td style="text-align:center">N</td>
<td style="text-align:center">N</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>K</code> =&gt; hashable</td>
<td style="text-align:center">hashable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>值可重复</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Y</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Y</td>
<td style="text-align:center"><code>K</code> =&gt; N, <code>V</code> =&gt; Y</td>
<td style="text-align:center">N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>查找速度</td>
<td style="text-align:center">最慢</td>
<td style="text-align:center">慢</td>
<td style="text-align:center">快</td>
<td style="text-align:center">快</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>插入速度</td>
<td style="text-align:center">尾部快</td>
<td style="text-align:center">N/A</td>
<td style="text-align:center">快</td>
<td style="text-align:center">快</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap>demo_list = [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>]
demo_tuple = (<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>)
demo_dict = {<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;a&#x27;</span>:<span class="hljs-number">97</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;b&#x27;</span>:<span class="hljs-number">98</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;c&#x27;</span>:<span class="hljs-number">99</span>}
demo_set = {<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>}
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>

<h2>运算符和表达式Operators and Expressions</h2>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>运算符优先级Operator Precedence</h3>
<ol>
<li>需记忆的运算符优先级： <code>.属性运算符</code> &gt; <code>算术运算符</code> &gt; <code>比较（关系）运算符</code> &gt; <code>单目逻辑运算符</code> &gt; <code>赋值运算符</code> &gt; <code>双目逻辑运算符</code></li>
<li>复杂的运算表达式建议使用<code>()</code></li>
</ol>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <code>赋值运算符</code> &gt; <code>双目逻辑运算符</code></p>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>Special Usages in Python - 算术运算符Arithmetic Operators</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>+</code> =&gt; 除用于算术加法外，还可用于<code>list</code>/<code>tuple</code>/<code>str</code>连接</li>
<li><code>*</code> =&gt; 除用于算术乘法外，还可用于<code>list</code>/<code>tuple</code>/<code>str</code>重复</li>
<li><code>//</code> =&gt; <code>int</code>或<code>float</code>向下求整商（<code>floor division地板除</code>）</li>
<li><code>%</code> =&gt; 除用于<code>int</code>求余数外，还可用于<code>float</code>求余数、<code>str</code>格式化</li>
<li><code>**</code> =&gt; 幂乘</li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<pre><code class="language-python"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap>print(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%c, %d&quot;</span>%(<span class="hljs-number">65</span>, <span class="hljs-number">65</span>))
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>Special Usages in Python - Relational Operators</h3>
<ol>
<li>可以连用关系运算符（<img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> 不建议使用）
<ul>
<li><code>1 &lt; n &lt; 5</code> = =&gt; <code>1 &lt; n and n &lt; 5</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>可以用于数据结构
<ul>
<li><code>[1, 2, 3] &lt; [1, 2, 4]</code></li>
<li><code>{1, 2, 3} &lt; {1, 2, 3, 4}</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>Special Usages in Python - Logical Operators</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>and</code>和<code>or</code>表达式的值是最后一个被计算的表达式的值，而不一定是<code>bool</code> ==&gt; <code>assert (3 and 5) == 5</code></li>
<li><code>not</code>表达式的值一定是<code>True</code>或<code>False</code></li>
<li><code>is not</code></li>
<li><code>not in</code></li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3><code>is</code> vs <code>==</code></h3>
<ol>
<li><code>is</code>： 比较两个对象的内存地址是否相同，<code>a is b</code>等价于<code>id(a) is id(b)</code></li>
<li><code>==</code>： 调用对象的<code>__eq()__</code>方法，<code>a == b</code>等价于<code>a.__eq__(b)</code></li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>Special Usages in Python - Member Operators</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>in</code> =&gt; logical test</li>
<li><code>for ... in ...</code> =&gt; traverse</li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>Special Usages in Python - Set Operators</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>&amp;</code> =&gt; 交集</li>
<li><code>|</code> =&gt; 并集</li>
<li><code>-</code> =&gt; 差集</li>
<li><code>^</code> =&gt; 对称差集（并集 - 差集）</li>
</ol>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>Special Usages in Python - Increment and Decrement Operators</h3>
<p><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="⚠️" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/26a0.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> <code>Python</code>没有自增/自减运算符</p>
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<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>

<h2>常用内置函数Common Used Built-In Function</h2>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="39" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="39" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>数据类型转换</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function函数</th>
<th>Description描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>int(x [,base])</td>
<td>将x转换为一个整数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>bin(x)</td>
<td>将整数转换成二进制</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>oct(x)</td>
<td>将整数转换成八进制</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hex(x)</td>
<td>将整数转换成十六进制</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>float(x)</td>
<td>将x转换到一个浮点数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>complex(real [,imag])</td>
<td>创建一个复数</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="40" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="40" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>数据类型转换（续）</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function函数</th>
<th>Description描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>ord(x)</td>
<td>返回字符的<code>Unicode</code>编码</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>chr(x)</td>
<td>返回<code>Unicode</code>编码对应的字符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>str(x)</td>
<td>将x转换为字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>repr(x)</td>
<td>将x转换为表达式字符串</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="41" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="41" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>数据类型转换（再续）</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function函数</th>
<th>Description描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>eval(str)</td>
<td>将字符串运行成表达式，并返回运算结果</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tuple(s)</td>
<td>将序列转换为一个元组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>list(s)</td>
<td>将序列转换为一个列表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>set(s)</td>
<td>转换为可变集合</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dict(s)</td>
<td>转换成<code>dict</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="42" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="42" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>类型</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function函数</th>
<th>Description描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>type(x)</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>isinstance(x)</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="43" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="43" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>最值与求和</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function函数</th>
<th>Description描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>max()</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>min()</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>sum()</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="44" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="44" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>输入输出</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function函数</th>
<th>Description描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>input()</code></td>
<td>返回用户输入的字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>print()</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="45" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="45" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>排序</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function函数</th>
<th>Description描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>sorted()</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>reversed(x)</code></td>
<td>翻转</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="46" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="46" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>枚举与迭代</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function函数</th>
<th>Description描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>enumerate()</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>range()</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>zip()</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="47" data-class="invert + lead" data-paginate="true" data-color="white" data-background-color="#202228" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="invert + lead" data-marpit-pagination="47" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:invert + lead;--paginate:true;--color:white;--background-color:#202228;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;color:white;background-color:#202228;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>
<h3>函数式高阶函数</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function函数</th>
<th>Description描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>map()</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>reduce()</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>filter()</code></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="48" data-class="lead" data-paginate="true" data-background-color="FloralWhite" data-header="Ops, Exps and Objs" data-footer="@aRoming" data-theme="gaia" class="lead" data-marpit-pagination="48" data-marpit-pagination-total="48" style="--class:lead;--paginate:true;--background-color:FloralWhite;--header:Ops, Exps and Objs;--footer:@aRoming;--theme:gaia;background-color:FloralWhite;background-image:none;">
<header>Ops, Exps and Objs</header>

<h1>Thank You</h1>
<h2><img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🆗" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/1f197.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/> End of This Chapter <img class="emoji" draggable="false" alt="🆗" src="https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/1f197.svg" data-marp-twemoji=""/></h2>
<footer>@aRoming</footer>
</section>
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/*! *****************************************************************************
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.

Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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